Utilizing bio-synthesis of nanomaterials as biological agents for controlling soil-borne diseases in pepper plants: root-knot nematodes and root rot fungus

Table 5 The effects of Nemacur and synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles on J2s mortality % (M) of Meloidogyne incognita (MI) after 6, 12, 24,72 h and 7 days of exposure

Treatment	Exposure time, number of alive J2s (L) and mortality % (M)
	6h		12h		24h		72h		7 days
	L	M (%)	L	M (%)	L	M (%)	L	M (%)	L	M (%)
(Neg. control) MI+ d. H₂O	31^a	-	31a	-	31^a	-	29 ^a	-	26.33^a	-
(Pos. control) MI + Nemacur	28^ab	9.67	22.33^b	34.40	19.66^cd	36.55	4^cd	86.2	1.33^d	94.93
MI+ 12mg L^-1 ZNO-NPs	27.33^b	11.82	19.33^b	37.63	18.33^d	40.86	3^d	89.65	0.66^d	97.46
MI+8mg L^-1 ZNO-NPs	29.3^ab	5.37	20.33^b	27.95	22.33^c	27.95	8.33^c	71.26	5.33^c	79.74
MI+6mg L^-1 ZNO-NPs	30.33^ab	2.15	29.66^a	4.30	26.66^b	13.97	22.33^b	22.98	12^b	54.43
MI+4mg L^-1 ZNO-NPs	30.6^ab	1.07	29.66^a	4.30	27.66^b	10.75	25.66^ab	11.49	15.33^b	41.77
LSD 0.05	3.27	-	3.53	-	3.05	-	4.81	-	3.53	-

Data are means of five replicates; means are stated with the same letter(s) in each column and are not significantly different at (P≤0.05). (M) mortality (%) =[Total number of incubated eggs – total number of hatched eggs in treatment]/total number of incubated eggs]×100.
Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at p ≤ 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2229