Fig. 3

Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Top Pathways. (A) Statistics of gene number differences; (B) Volcano plot illustrating differences, with values represented as log2(FC); (C) Heatmaps of different comparative analyses; (D) GO enrichment circle diagram, featuring the top 20 GO terms with the lowest Q-values; (E) KEGG enrichment circle diagram. The first circle highlights the top 20 pathways, with the number of genes indicated by the outer circle’s scale. Different colors correspond to distinct clusters; the second circle displays the quantity and Q-values of pathways within the background gene set, where a greater number of genes is represented by a longer bar, and the Q-value is indicated by color intensity, with more significant values shown in red; the third circle illustrates the gene ratio percentages, with dark purple denoting the gene ratio percentage and light purple indicating the gene ratio circle; the fourth circle represents the RichFactor values for each pathway, with the background grid lines indicating increments of 0.1