Fig. 4

Expression dynamics of lncRNAs during stage development in Arabidopsis. (A) Violin plot comparing the expression levels between lncRNAs (blue) and protein-coding RNAs (red) at the 2-week seedling stage (vegetative stage) and the 5-week floral bud stage (reproductive stage). The expression levels of lncRNAs were significantly lower than those of protein-coding RNAs in each library (Mann-Whitney U test; ***, p < 0.001). (B) Bar chart showing the numbers of expressed lncRNAs in two 2-week seedling libraries and two 5-week floral bud libraries. (C & D) Heatmaps visualizing the expression levels (z-score-normalized CPM) of lncRNAs that were downregulated (C) and upregulated (D) during the transition from the seedling stage to the floral bud stage