Table 3 Direct and indirect effects on HI identified through path coefficient analysis (Experiment I)

GN

0.434***

0.434

0.257

−0.199

FE

0.494***

0.226

0.494

−0.216

TGW

0.595***

−0.145

−0.150

0.595

E1_Q17

Traits

Direct effect

GN

FE

TGW

GN

0.426***

0.426

0.186

−0.115

FE

0.341***

0.232

0.341

−0.090

TGW

0.376***

−0.130

−0.082

0.376

E1_Q18

Traits

Direct effect

GN

FE

TGW

GN

0.336***

0.336

0.148

0.000

FE

0.31***

0.159

0.317

0.00

TGW

0.001

−0.026

−0.054

0.001

E1_Combined

Traits

Direct effect

GN

FE

TGW

GN

0.353***

0.353

0.101

−0.030

FE

0.215***

0.165

0.215

−0.030

TGW

0.160**

−0.066

−0.040

0.160