Fig. 4

Metabolite analysis of D.asper before and after wounding. (a) PCA plot. (b) Cluster heatmap. The heat map represents metabolites whose abundance is up-regulated, and blue represents metabolites whose abundance is down-regulated. (c) VIP plot of metabolites in leaves. The heat map represents metabolites whose abundance is up-regulated, and blue represents metabolites whose abundance is down-regulated. The red letters are triterpenoids. (d) VIP plot of metabolites in roots. The heat map represents metabolites whose abundance is up-regulated, and blue represents metabolites whose abundance is down-regulated. The red letters are triterpenoids. (e) Content of asperosaponin VI and oleanolic acid. Data represent the values of the mean ± SE (standard error) of three replicates. Note Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments under the same indicator (p < 0.05)