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Table 1 Effect of drought stress and melatonin application on the composition of Thymus vulgaris essential oil

From: Role of melatonin in promoting growth attributes, thymol, rosmarinic acid and biochemical properties in Thymus vulgaris L. under water deficiency

No

Compound

RI*

Treatment

 

M0DS100**

M50DS100

M100DS100

M150DS100

M0DS70

M50DS70

M100DS70

M150DS70

M0DS40

M50DS40

M100DS40

M150DS40

1

α-Thujene

824

0.65 ± 0.02

0.58 ± 0.01

0.56 ± 0.01

0.57 ± 0.01

0.56 ± 0.03

0.51 ± 0.01

0.53 ± 0.01

0.56 ± 0.04

0.50 ± 0.01

0.54 ± 0.02

0.45 ± 0.02

0.54 ± 0.04

2

α-Pinene

829

0.49 ± 0.01

0.41 ± 0.02

0.37 ± 0.02

0.35 ± 0.01

0.43 ± 0.03

0.46 ± 0.04

0.40 ± 0.01

0.39 ± 0.01

0.34 ± 0.03

0.28 ± 0.01

0.33 ± 0.03

0.30 ± 0.01

3

Camphene

846

0.45 ± 0.02

0.43 ± 0.02

0.40 ± 0.01

0.37 ± 0.02

0.44 ± 0.01

0.44 ± 0.03

0.50 ± 0.02

0.34 ± 0.01

0.41 ± 0.04

0.36 ± 0.04

0.32 ± 0.03

0.31 ± 0.01

4

Myrcene

889

0.81 ± 0.06

0.65 ± 0.03

0.51 ± 0.06

0.45 ± 0.06

0.53 ± 0.04

0.47 ± 0.08

0.36 ± 0.02

0.36 ± 0.03

0.39 ± 0.02

0.34 ± 0.04

0.35 ± 0.02

0.30 ± 0.03

5

2-Ethylhexanol

898

0.24 ± 0.01

0.19 ± 0.01

0.16 ± 0.01

0.13 ± 0.01

0.18 ± 0.01

0.15 ± 0.01

0.16 ± 0.01

0.15 ± 0.01

0.17 ± 0.01

0.12 ± 0.00

0.14 ± 0.01

0.13 ± 0.00

6

α-Terpinene

916

0.98 ± 0.06

0.91 ± 0.05

0.85 ± 0.02

0.73 ± 0.05

0.90 ± 0.04

0.87 ± 0.06

0.81 ± 0.03

0.75 ± 0.05

0.74 ± 0.04

0.70 ± 0.04

0.70 ± 0.05

0.64 ± 0.02

7

p-Cymene

925

15.33 ± 0.38

14.23 ± 0.12

9.18 ± 0.22

8.32 ± 0.45

13.45 ± 0.12

9.41 ± 0.19

8.08 ± 0.25

6.92 ± 0.29

10.30 ± 0.23

8.72 ± 0.33

7.35 ± 0.12

5.78 ± 0.14

8

Limonene

928

0.82 ± 0.05

0.46 ± 0.02

0.37 ± 0.04

0.31 ± 0.02

0.51 ± 0.04

0.42 ± 0.05

0.37 ± 0.03

0.34 ± 0.05

0.35 ± 0.04

0.32 ± 0.02

0.31 ± 0.03

0.25 ± 0.01

9

γ-Terpinene

960

5.15 ± 0.12

4.62 ± 0.14

4.20 ± 0.10

3.34 ± 0.09

4.94 ± 0.11

4.75 ± 0.08

3.55 ± 0.04

3.31 ± 0.02

4.72 ± 0.12

3.40 ± 0.05

2.95 ± 0.08

1.80 ± 0.06

10

Linalool

999

1.97 ± 0.09

1.94 ± 0.05

1.88 ± 0.07

1.91 ± 0.05

1.91 ± 0.03

1.94 ± 0.05

1.89 ± 0.06

1.92 ± 0.04

1.94 ± 0.03

1.82 ± 0.02

1.86 ± 0.04

1.85 ± 0.02

11

Isoborneol

1070

3.66 ± 0.09

3.62 ± 0.07

3.58 ± 0.04

3.61 ± 0.05

3.51 ± 0.04

3.14 ± 0.03

3.14 ± 0.05

1.91 ± 0.04

3.32 ± 0.08

2.97 ± 0.05

2.94 ± 0.02

1.81 ± 0.01

12

Terpinen-4-ol

1079

1.35 ± 0.02

1.36 ± 0.02

1.30 ± 0.01

1.31 ± 0.02

1.25 ± 0.02

1.31 ± 0.01

1.33 ± 0.01

1.31 ± 0.01

1.30 ± 0.02

1.27 ± 0.01

1.30 ± 0.02

1.26 ± 0.01

13

α-Terpineol

1109

0.17 ± 0.02

0.13 ± 0.01

0.16 ± 0.02

0.17 ± 0.03

0.14 ± 0.01

0.15 ± 0.03

0.16 ± 0.01

0.12 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.01

0.15 ± 0.03

0.12 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.01

14

Thymol

1193

46.31 ± 1.43

51.81 ± 1.13

57.11 ± 1.34

58.23 ± 1.43

48.62 ± 1.08

55.19 ± 1.12

58.28 ± 1.28

61.06 ± 1.19

53.91 ± 1.21

57.81 ± 1.25

61.01 ± 1.67

64.61 ± 1.32

15

Carvacrol

1214

5.42 ± 0.16

5.97 ± 0.18

6.95 ± 0.21

7.87 ± 0.31

5.93 ± 0.11

7.68 ± 0.18

8.75 ± 0.21

9.46 ± 0.24

6.14 ± 0.17

7.98 ± 0.22

9.21 ± 0.25

9.83 ± 0.19

16

β-Caryophyllene

1322

4.21 ± 0.15

4.11 ± 0.10

4.03 ± 0.12

3.95 ± 0.05

4.08 ± 0.08

3.82 ± 0.14

3.58 ± 0.07

3.26 ± 0.05

3.69 ± 0.12

3.32 ± 0.09

2.94 ± 0.11

2.80 ± 0.08

17

Aromadendrene

1339

0.32 ± 0.01

0.34 ± 0.02

0.31 ± 0.01

0.32 ± 0.01

0.30 ± 0.02

0.31 ± 0.01

0.28 ± 0.01

0.37 ± 0.01

0.36 ± 0.02

0.32 ± 0.01

0.37 ± 0.01

0.36 ± 0.02

18

α-Humulene

1356

0.14 ± 0.01

0.15 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.01

0.10 ± 0.00

0.13 ± 0.02

0.17 ± 0.01

0.13 ± 0.00

0.14 ± 0.01

0.12 ± 0.00

0.12 ± 0.00

0.14 ± 0.01

0.11 ± 0.00

19

Viridiflorene

1391

0.28 ± 0.03

0.25 ± 0.02

0.25 ± 0.02

0.26 ± 0.02

0.24 ± 0.02

0.25 ± 0.03

0.22 ± 0.02

0.27 ± 0.02

0.22 ± 0.02

0.21 ± 0.01

0.27 ± 0.01

0.25 ± 0.02

20

Acetovanillone

1460

4.22 ± 0.28

3.61 ± 0.22

3.32 ± 0.21

3.05 ± 0.16

3.73 ± 0.17

3.67 ± 0.15

3.63 ± 0.18

3.69 ± 0.24

3.61 ± 0.21

3.55 ± 0.12

3.43 ± 0.16

3.39 ± 0.19

21

Spathulenol

1478

0.81 ± 0.05

0.84 ± 0.09

0.75 ± 0.08

0.69 ± 0.04

0.79 ± 0.10

0.76 ± 0.05

0.68 ± 0.09

0.72 ± 0.06

0.80 ± 0.07

0.75 ± 0.04

0.78 ± 0.03

0.75 ± 0.05

22

Caryophyllene oxide

1483

0.99 ± 0.23

0.94 ± 0.16

0.87 ± 0.11

0.86 ± 0.14

0.76 ± 0.12

0.85 ± 0.10

0.87 ± 0.19

0.83 ± 0.11

0.88 ± 0.13

0.87 ± 0.15

0.91 ± 0.21

0.91 ± 0.18

Total (%)

  

94.61

97.56

97.26

96.89

93.68

96.69

97.63

98.18

94.51

96.28

97.94

97.96

  1. * RI Retention index. ** M: Melatonin; M0: without melatonin; M50: 50 µM; M100: 100 µM; M150: 150 µM/DS: Drought stress; DS100: 100% FC; DS70: 70% FC; DS40: 40% FC